Snapshots of Miss Emily in William Faulkners A Rose for...

Snapshots of Miss Emily in A Rose for Emily â€Å"A Rose for Miss Emily† by William Faulkner is a story of quiet lonliness and tragedy. The story ends on a surprising note, but one for which the reader is not totally unprepared. Faulkner very cleverly uses changing pictures of Miss Emily’s physical state to give the reader a clue as to what is transpiring inside her. The picture or â€Å"tableau† of Emily in her childhood gives us our first clue into her strange personality. She is â€Å"a slender figure in white in the background, her father a spraddled silhouette in the foreground, his back to her and clutching a horsewhip, the two of them framed by the back-flung front door.† The scene almost blatantly reveals Emily in her†¦show more content†¦The turning point comes after Miss Emily has met and possibly fallen in love with Homer Barron. It is this scene that clues the reader in to the surprising ending. They have been seeing each other long enough for the subject of marriage to come up when we next see her at the druggist’s counter. Here she is pictured as â€Å"thinner than usual, with cold, haughty black eyes in a face the flesh of which was strained across the temples and about the eyesockets . . .† The description somewhat reminds us of a sinister-looking skeleton, and somehow, we just know she is up to no good when she purchases the arsenic from the druggist. We know life is ebbing when we next see Miss Emily, but we can tell that she is stubbornly hanging on. â€Å"She had grown fat and her hair was turning gray.† Faulkner goes into great detail in describing hair. I believe hair is a symbol not only of youth and of life, but also of strength. In describing her hair as â€Å"vigorous iron-gray, like the hair of an active man,† he alludes to her tenacity to hang on to her ways. Our final glimpse of Miss Emily before she dies is a picture of a soul which is nearly shut off from life. Now and then the townspeople see her through one of the downstairs windows. The upstairs and that part of her

My Journey Towards Motherhood At Graduate School Essay

Making the decision to have a child is momentous. It is to decide forever to have your heart go walking around outside your body. (Stone, 2014) My journey towards motherhood was one I have always hoped that I would embark on once I was fully prepared. When I planned for this journey, I envisioned owning a beautiful home, being in my career and being with my dream man. However, I guess I was not committed enough to myself to ensure my journey would be traveled as planned. This was evident by the fact that I chose to start my journey in October of 2013 while still attending graduate school, being a renter, working a mediocre job and dating a mediocre man. My decision to continue an unplanned pregnancy has resulted in me moving back in with my mother, in order to receive adequate emotional and physical support. Although, I am employed in a job that provides me with a sense of financial security, it fails to feel the void of fulfillment. My choice to continue my pregnancy was one that I currently find perplexing because it have impacted my personal and professional life. Additionally, it has also affected my identity and relatio nships. As expected it has also lead to a shift in my role within my family, society, and culture. Most importantly, my transition into motherhood has affected my mind, body and soul. My journey towards becoming a mother was one that I began as a psychological voyage. This voyage was one that I had to travel alone, in spite of having theShow MoreRelatedMy Family : My Mother1546 Words   |  7 PagesI view my family as being unique, loving, hardworking, and supportive. I have an older sister who is 27 years old, a younger sister who is 24 years old, and I am the lucky 25 year old middle child. My mother is Colombian and my father is Cuban. My mother came to the United States about 30 years ago with the hope of finding a good job and earning enough money to someday return back to her homeland. My father came to the United States over 35 years ago to open up his own business. Once my father lostRead MoreProfile of My Mother1755 Words   |  8 PagesGetting to know my Mom It took me eighteen years to spend some quality time with my mother and discover what an incredible journey she has had with my brothers and me. She is the kind of person who has always been very involved with all parts of our daily lives. In fact, she was the kind of mother who always had time for her three sons, worked full-time and had time to devote to community projects too. Her energy and enthusiasm for all of these things seemed endless and she always triedRead MoreAlternative Medicine Program : The Power Of A Journey4129 Words   |  17 Pages Alternative Medicine Program: The Power of a Journey Jomiryz Thomas Everglades University Abstract Upon entering the Alternative Medicine degree program at Everglades University I did not know what I was going to do with the degree. I did know, however, that I wanted to understand the concepts of alternative healing methods better because I had just experienced the death of my grandfather from a diabetic induced disease while I had stood idly by—with nothing I could do to helpRead MoreContent Analysis of Focus Group Data7519 Words   |  31 Pagesself-confidence, social disapproval, situational barriers, negative attitudes toward school, and low personal priority. When low self-esteem, multiple situational barriers, and negative attitudes toward school converge, the chances are low that an adult will pursue education. The chances are also reduced when complex situational barriers are compounded by a low personal priority on learning (Hayes, 1988). Once they decide to return to school, adult students must be empowered to persist and complete their programsRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 PagesAutomation to Distributed Information Access Solutions Thomas R. Kochtanek and Joseph R. Matthews The Complete Guide to Acquisitions Management Frances C. Wilkinson and Linda K. Lewis Organization of Information, Second Edition Arlene G. Taylor The School Library Media Manager, Third Edition Blanche Woolls Basic Research Methods for Librarians Ronald R. Powell and Lynn Silipigni Connoway Library of Congress Subject Headings: Principles and Application, Fourth Edition Lois Mai Chan Developing LibraryRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesManagement Strategies 56 Attracting, Selecting, Developing, and Retaining Diverse Employees 56 †¢ Diversity in Groups 58 †¢ Effective Diversity Programs 58 Summary and Implications for Managers 60 S A L Self-Assessment Library What’s My Attitude Toward Older People? 40 Myth or Science? â€Å"Dual-Career Couples Divorce Less† 47 An Ethical Choice Religious Tattoos 51 glOBalization! Images of Diversity from Around the Globe 54 Point/Counterpoint Men Have More Mathematical Ability Than Women 61 QuestionsRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesthis 11th edition. Who would have thought that interest in mistakes would be so enduring? Many of you are past users, a few even for decades. I hope you will find this new edition a worthy successor to earlier editions. I think this may even be my best book. The new Google and Starbucks cases should arouse keen student interest, and may even inspire another generation of entrepreneurs. A fair number of the older cases have faced significant changes in the last few years, for better or for

Unit 7 †Childcare and Education Level 3 Cache Free Essays

string(107) " of information from agencies outside the settingwhich may contribute to the assessment of learning needs\." E1 Collate evidence which describes the role of the practitioner in meeting children’s learning needs. Gather and present information about the role of the practitioner whenchildren’s learning needs. A practitioner’s role in meeting children’s learning needs are to understand and work with each and every child’s learning needs. We will write a custom essay sample on Unit 7 – Childcare and Education Level 3 Cache or any similar topic only for you Order Now They can do this by providing different opportunities to individual children because each child is unique and learns differently. The practitioners’ role would therefore be to plan and resource an environment that is challenging and helps children learn in many different areas of their learning. The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child is there for the rights of children should allow children priority as they are more venerable. It states that all children’s wants and learning needs should be met. The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child has 4 cores principles and they are: Non-discrimination regardless of race, sex, gender, religion, disability and any other reason (Article 2), the best interest of the child for example; prevent child from being separated from their families unless separate on is necessary for the best interest of the child, the right to live, survival and development, freedom of speech and thought etc†¦ Article 11, 14 ; 13). Another thing as a practitioner, we need to do is promote a positive environment for parents, colleges and the children because a positive environment can mean that everyone within the setting can get a positive outcome in order to help meet the child’s needs best. Having on-going training can also benefit th e practitioners role in meeting children’s needs, teach them about childcare and can help them meet the child’s learning needs because the practitioners go on training outside the setting to get a better insight on how to work with different practitioners, adults and children. E2 Provide information about current influences on play +E4 Include examples of different theoretical models of how children play and learn. One theorist which currently influences children’s play is Jean Piaget (1948). His theory was a theory on Cognitive development. He believed that children develop in stages and that they progress through these stages in chronological order. Piaget (1948) said that there were 4 stages of development from birth to adulthood; serisori: motor- birth – 2 years, pre-operational: 2-7 years, concrete operational: 7-11/12 years, formal operations: 11/12-16 years old. He carried out a study which is called ‘mountain study’ to investigate further into his theory. This study was done in a group of children being arranged in front of a simple plaster mountain range and than he sat himself to the side and asked the children to pick from four pictures. This study showed that older children picked what Piaget (1948) saw and the younger children would pick the view they could see. When looking back at this study, Piaget (1948) found out that the older children tend to understand other peoples views. The practitioners would have a role within the Early Years setting to support the children through the different stages of development and the adults should work alongside one another to help the child develop. His theory of cognitive development is based on the importance of active discovery learning where children have child-centred classroom (Maureen D 2006). Piaget theory (1948) allows practitioners to have opportunities to learn without teaching them, appropriate activates are set up through observing the child and these activities are than suitably challenging with real experiences (Maureen D 2006). ’the balance between adult-directed play and child-initiated play should be tipped heavily in favour of child-initiative play. ’’ (Maureen D 2006). Another theorist which currently influences children’s play is Susan Isaacs (1930). She was a psychoanalyst who believed that free play indoors and outdoors is important for children’s needs, developmen t as well as helping them to learn better. She said that free play was important and necessary for children. In 1924 Susan Isaacs became the principle of Malting house, where she set up an educational experiment alongside Geoffrey Pkye(1942) to experiment with different teaching ideas on a small group of children aged two and a half to seven years. Inside the house were three interesting features; the use and development of language to promote thinking, the attention paid to children’s emotions needs and the emphasising on animosity and finding out. Piaget (1948) and Sigmund Freud (1988) were both influenced by Susan Isaacs’s (1930) theory. This theory allows children to understand what is being asked and gives the children challenge in answering a question where they can think on their own. E3- Provide information about current influences on the planning and provision Gather information about what currently influences planning and provision of learning opportunities. Every Child Matters Framework which is currently in the process to be changed is part of the Children Act 2004; it is a piece of legislation which has and influences planning and provisions of learning opportunities. The Every Child Matters ensures that settings provide quality of children’s and young people’s play and learning. This supports children from birth to 19 years. When practitioners plan, they should relate their work to the five outcomes for children; be healthy, stay safe, enjoy and achieve though learning, make a positive contribution to society and achieve economic well-being. OFSTED is a regulatory body which makes sure all childcare settings are carrying out correct planning and allowing the children to learn. This is done by having inspections which are based on the five outcomes of Every Child Matters framework. They also do this by looking at each childcare setting to see what curriculum is being offered. Each childcare setting’s curriculum will be varied and this is something the OFSTED will understand for example: every child care setting will follow the (EYFS, 2012) Early Years Foundation Stage but if a setting has children of the age of 6they would follow the National Curriculum. OFSTED requires that practitioners and workers are familiar with the relevant curriculum and requirements of OFSTED. E6 Include TWO (2) examples of information from agencies outside the settingwhich may contribute to the assessment of learning needs. You read "Unit 7 – Childcare and Education Level 3 Cache" in category "Papers" School Nurse A school nurse provides a variety of services such as undertaking health interviews and administering immunisation programmes. They can be employed by the local health authority, community trust, primary care trust or by the school directly. The responsibility of a nurse would include these roles: * Providing confidential health advice for individual children * Assessing the whole need of the school community and develop a health plan including a policy on bulling * Promoting good parenting skills by helping and supporting parents * Co-ordinating immunisation programmes Health plans for children with any disability * Providing training for school-based staff to support children with healthcare needs e. g. : asthma * Giving advice to parents, carers or school staff on childhood illnesses and the management and control of infection in the disease * Drug and alcohol abuse and smoking * Sexual health and relationship for example pregnancy * Exercise and healthy eating * Ment al health and wellbeing * Obesity * Eating disorder * Disabilities E7 Include TWO (2) plans for curriculum activities which show different approaches to planning learning opportunities E8 Include information about the importance of consulting with parents and others when planning and providing learning opportunities. It is important to consult with parents and others when planning and providing learning opportunities for the child because the parents know their child’s best interests. This is because parents are their first educators and they know what resources their child likes to use and the likes and dislike of the child. It is also important because parents you may need permission from parents in order to carry out a certain activity. Effective partnership between a childcare setting and parents will help the environment of the setting become more positive for both the child and parents using the provision. It will make the setting and parents understand each other better as well as benefit the child because the child will feel safe and want to learn and achieve better. E9 Provide evidence of current and relevant research throughout the portfolio. Evidence of current and relevant research is provided in my appendix at the end of my assignment. D1 Include an explanation of the key issues in recording assessments. D2 Include an explanation of the key issues in recording assessments. + C2 Analyse the role of assessment in informing planning and respecting learning needs. There are many important points to consider when recording assessments of children. The most important issue in recording assessments would knowing the different techniques available to use and find the one that suits most when recording the assessment of the child. These techniques maybe; written narrative, video, photographs, target child observation, checklist observation, tick charts, time sampling, event sampling and mapping to record assessments of the children. The practitioner would need to decide what type of technique would be appropriate in assessing the child and the activity carried out. When using one of the techniques the practitioner would need to check if it was reliable and valid. A technique would be good when the practitioner is able to monitor the child’s behaviour, progress and development as well as keeping them frequent and up to date. Another important factor to consider when recording assessments of children is confidentiality. C1 Analyse the importance of planning and providing learning opportunities to meet children’s diverse needs. In order to plan and provide learning opportunities to meet children’s diverse needs practitioners need to make sure that all children are included within the task and activity. This can be done by providing a large range if motivating opportunities which are accessible to all children to help them develop and allow to support them. Another thing would be a safe environment for children to learn in which is free from any discrimination and bullying. This can be done by valuing and respecting one another (children, teachers, parents and other professionals). The practitioners would be working with other professionals such as an occupational therapist to help the child have the best learning opportunities available. B1 Evaluate how the current influences on play and different theoretical models affect the planning and provision of learning opportunities. Jean Piaget’s theory influenced today’s practice as†¦ Susan Isaac’s theory influenced today’s practice as she believed that play is very important and relives freedom which allows settings to have child lead activities. Another thing she influenced was the parents and carers of the children because she showed and made practitioners aware of the fact that parents are seen as the child’s first educators and therefore they are the most important when providing learning opportunities for the child. Susan’s theory is based on working with parents and carers and this is very vital to today’s influences on play in settings which than allows practitioners to be able to plan learning opportunities for the children in their care. This can also affect planning because the practitioners may not be interacting with the children very well because they are having child lead activities and the practitioners are not experiencing what the parents and cares say about the child and how they act during the activities toward the practitioners. Research has shown thatyoung children learn best when they are actively interacting with others†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. E Wood and N Bennett (1999) International Journal ofEarly Years Education 7 (1) 5-16. This affects planning because†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Discussion might also consider whether models are appropriate for all settings and factors which might be barriers to implementing change This affects planning because†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. A Include a reflective account of the role of the practitioner in supporting the learning needs of children Develop the information gathered for E1 and use your experiences to consider learning needs of children and show understanding of your practice in supporting the learning needs of children. Use this reflection to suggest appropriate ways you could develop your role as a practitioner when working with children. My role as a practitioner in meeting children’s learning needs are to respect and value each individual child’s learning needs as well as understanding them. This will than allow me to provide different opportunities to individual children because ach child has individual needs and wants in the way that they learn by. Another role of mine is to plan for stimulating activities which are high in challenge to allow them to develop and learn new skills and abilities. Having a challenging environment for children allows the children to extend their learning in various styles and ways. The Equal opportunity policy is also taken into consideration by all practitioners in the setting so that all children are treated equally with respect and can enjoy and achieve their full potential. Staff ratio is also taken into account because we need enough staff in a setting to avoid accidents and keep all children safe and in a secure environment Bibliography: Books: Tassoni. Penny, Kate. Beith, Kath. Bulum and Harriet. Eldridge (2007) CACHE level 3 Child Care and Education 4th edition, London: Heinemann Marian. Beaver, Jo. Brewster, Sandy. Green, Sally. Neaum, Heidi. Sheppard, Jill. Tullack and Miranda. Walker (2008) Childcare and education Cache level 3 Cheltenham: Nelson Thorns How to cite Unit 7 – Childcare and Education Level 3 Cache, Papers

Lessons and Policy Implications †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Lessons and Policy Implications Management. Answer: Introduction: Economy of Australia owes its importance in the very fact that it is a small economy with huge untapped potential to grow. The Australian economy consists of worlds one of the biggest mixed market economy possessing the rank of second wealthiest nation in terms of wealth held per adult. The country is mostly service sector driven that contributes 61% to GDP. These facts reveal how important these national economies are to the world economy. In the modern world, economic policies play pivotal role in the functioning of the economy as a whole taking care of the all the national economic challenges. Securing equilibrium and driving the equilibrium towards stability are something greatly depends on what and how the macroeconomic policies are undertaken. One of the important instruments of macroeconomic policies is the fiscal policy that mostly refers to the policies devised and executed by the government through the channels of tax and various form of and expenditure modulated by the government (Teles and Mussolini 2014). Fiscal policies are undertaken in order to stimulate a drooping economy or control a inflationary pressure of a booming economy. Primary focus is on boosting the consumption Management backed by increased income. Increased income can be obtained when tax is less so that disposable income is high which further allows more consumption demand to be made. Moreover, government increases autonomous expenditure i n order to stimulate the economic activity through increased employment and income. Contrastingly government can also resort to policies that deal with cutting back expenditures and leading to contraction in economic spending by consumers or producers. This paper aims to discuss the fiscal policies Australia adopted for the financial years 2014-15, 2015-16 and 2016-17 with subsequent focus on the economic overview of the country as well as the specific concerns regarding fiscal strategies.. As per the nominal gross domestic production, the country ranks 14th globally though in terms of purchasing power parity, it ranks 20th worldwide. According to IMF estimation, the country recorded its GDP at $1.258 trillion nominally. The growth rate of GDP is 1.8% annually. GDP per capita of the country is pretty high $51,850 which captures the higher per capita wealth. Australia ranks 2nd in the HDI positioned just after USA. The wealth growth rate of the country has been 4.4% annually owing to the constancy of exchange rate system. The economic activity is greatly contributed by the service sector, which comprises of largest workforce contributing to 61.1% of the GDP (Bova, Carcenac and Guerguil 2014). The next biggest component is construction and mining that contributes up to 8.1% and 6.9% respectively of the GDP. The manufacturing sector of the country produces 6% of the total national output. Agricultural production of the nation is accounted in nominal GDP only by 2.2%. the price level of coutry is moderate which is captured by the lower inflation rate recorded to be 1.9% as per 2017 data (Storm and Naastepad 2012). The country facing higher export demands, focuses more on production of goods being exported compared to the manufacturing production. This has increased the terms of trade of the country since 2000. The country is diagnosed with deeper current account deficit operating for almost 60 years till now. In 2016. the current account deficit has been recorded at AUD$ 44.5 billion almost accounting fo r 2.6% Of GDP (Cspedes and Velasco 2014). The inflation has always been controlled and well managed to prevail between 2 to 3%. Post great financial crisis and end of boom in mining sector, the cash rate has been fallingat steady rate from almost 4.75% in 2011 to 1.5% in 2016. Service sector include education, tourism, consultancies and financial services which additively contributes up to 69% of total GDP. Natural resource along with agricultural production holds 2-5% of the total GDP. They consist the maximum of the export basket mostly forwarding the good into China, Japan, South Korea, US and India. The country has been revolving around 5-6% recently after facing rise in post financial crisis reaching a peak of 6.25% (Jord and Taylor 2016). Keeping parity with the employment the wages in the country has not risen rather has been falling over time. Australia enjoys comparatively lower tax burden, public spending and public in the recent times among other OECD countries. The global financial crisis ruptured economic stability in Australia, which came back to normalcy only when the Australian government provided fiscal support to avoid recessionary pressure on economic output (Katsimi and Sarantides 2012). This has led to increasing fiscal deficit over time, which has been an alarming issue in the economy of Australia. Among the top economic issues prevailing in the Australian economy, major concern is attracted towards higher unemployment rate, higher public debts stemming from increasing fiscal deficit and housing affordability by chunk of national population. To address these issues, importance of proper fiscal policies targeted to bring stability is undeniable. Fiscal Policy Strategy: 2013-2014 The Government has inherited a budget in significant need of repair. Undertaking systemic fiscal repair to return the Budget to surplus and to reduce debt is a key election commitment of the Government. The Australian budget of 2013-14 is focused to conduct repairing the economy in order to push it to the budget surplus level. Reduction of debt is key target set behind the systematic fiscal policies (DeLong and Summers 2012). The government clearly promises the deliverance of the commitments made in form of fiscal policies. The government has aimed to restore finances of the public sector through letting the fiscal budget attain its surplus level with sustenance. It has been targeted to prevail around 1% of GDP in 6-7 years from now. To make assessment of the role and scope of government and to ensure proper usage of tax revenues, National Commission of Audit has been established by the government. The Commission brings forth he recommendations that provides the building block of the 2014-15 budget mainly aiming for the reduction in the expenditures made by the government. The nation has been able to accelerate its economic growth and productivity rate so that it can deliver the growth in standard o living with sustenance over decades (Jord and Taylor 2016). As per the government plan, the strong growth of the economy can be ascertained by making investments to enhance the quality of infrastructure while reducing red tape and promoting integrated government system that would encourage the growth. As per the budget o 2014-15, the medium term fiscal strategy o the government is to derive surplus in the budget over the period of economic cycle. The fiscal strategies outline the commitment of the government into the budget setting policies of mid term while allowing for flexibilities regarding the economic condition changes. The three major policy elements underpins the fiscal policy of that year. Redirection of governments spending into quality investment. The motive behind such is to accelerate productivity and participation o workforce. Maintenance of strong disciplines in the fiscal policies in order to deduct the share o the government involving in the economic operations over the period (Fontana and Setterfield 2016). The major concern behind this policy is to free the resources up from the public spending and redirect them to private investment so that they can create new jobs, opportunity and income o the nation as a whole that further consolidates the economic growth. Th is further captures the reduction in the payments to GDP ratio, payment o debt through bringing stabilization and then making the government securities or commonwealth purpose fall based on issues in time. The next policy is to consolidate and make the balance sheet maintained by the government much stronger through improvement of net financial worth. Budget repairment strategy is devised to bring budget surplus in the economy that also by minimum 1% o GDP by 2023-24 keeping consistency with medium term fiscal strategy (DeLong and Summers 2012). This strategy demarks out the expenditures made newly will be offsetting the reduction of the public spending encountered. The changes in the economy will shits the receipts as well as payment that would be treated as benchmark for improvement in the national output through positive impacts. Clear declaration about setting path that leads the economy out of the deficit and push toward the surplus (Fazzari, Morley and Panovska 2015). The budg et repair strategy will prevail until strong surplus is achieved and unemployment rate become much lower and economic growth reaches its expected level. The outlook analysis o the policy depicts the comprehensive path that government has set out to achieve the fiscal objectives targeted in medium term. Compared to the unsustainable situation prevailing in former government reign, the budget position has improved. Even though weaker expectation have been made due to lower GDP growth over the past years, the average annual pace of the financial year 2014-15 has been remarkable with forward estimation o the MYEFO remaining at 0.06% o GDP in this year budget. Keeping parity with fiscal strategy, there has been all in the payment to GDP ratio from 25.9 % o of GDP to 25.2% from 2014-15 to 2017-18 (DeLong and Summers 2012). The projection, which is well below the average of long term at 24.9% o GDP. The fall in the ratio symbolizes all in the public debt share o the GDP and continuous effort taken in reducing this actually sets out the trajectory to propel the economy toward surplus o budget which is highly rated target o the nation. Fall i n the ratio also suggests lower tax rates as imposed by the government and greater respond to change in economic situation. The fiscal policy of the government provides necessary flexible position for the budget and let it vary according the economic situation. This makes provision o the automatic stabilizer to operate and contribute to the aggregate demand stability. Fiscal policy being responsible one looks beyond the period of forward estimation in order to promote the long run sustainability of fiscal policies. The MYEFO of 2013-14 depicted the importance of action in order to create net return to surplus making the debts reach $667 billion. The govt. spending was placed at more affordable trajectory while allowing for future tax relief after the tax to GDP ratio reaches 23.9% by the year 2020-21. The underlying cash balance is projected to reach surplus in 2019-20. Fiscal Policy Strategy: 2015-2016 Fiscal policy of Australia is ruled by broad target of achieving balanced budget or budget surplus in the federal budget. State governments have been able to manage only small balance as a result, they dont impact the fiscal stance substantially. The recent target of the government is adoption of operational goal that would help the budget surplus reach 1% of GDP which is efficient enough to bring down the debt-GDP ratio to a minimum level (Mankiw 2014). The prediction suggests that 1% of the budget surplus in the future years would cause the debt ratio to reach 25% of GDP by 20215-26 and further reach to zero by 2040. The balanced budget of Australia has implication of longstanding preference regarding achieving low debt burdens. The tax reform of recent time focuses more on the reduced corporate tax combating the base erosion and shift of profit under corporate taxation (Fazzari, Morley and Panovska 2015). The GST has been made applicable to online digital product purchase and low-value imported goods by making legislation by the government. Economic and efficient public spending creates a strong basis for public finance increasing the effectiveness of transfer payment and welfare. Government of Australia spends more to incur additional investment for public projects that have substantial long term returns conducting cost benefit analysis prior, The fiscal position guides the nation to maintain and improve trajectory of forward estimation keeping consistency with the commitment of the government to return to the balanced budget and lead toward surplus over the while keeping the debts as low as possible. As per the estimations made in PEFO 2016, surplus in the cash balance is projected by the 2020-21. Cash deficit is expected to fall 2.1% to 0.5% of GDP. There has been remarkable revision in the expected level of fiscal deficit falling to 0.3% from 2.4% of GDP (Fazzari, Morley and Panovska 2015). As usual the budget sheds focus on the implementation of governments plan for growth stimulation and job creation. The imposition of ten year tax plan on enterprise is god source of increasing national as well as household incomes that also makes provision for the investors. This brings innovation and create employment too while keeping the tax payment of the business fair and contributing to the growth of GDP. The investment in infrastructure by the government is major component of fiscal strategy in this financial budget. Over $50 billion has been estimated to be invested between 2013 and 2020 (Coady and Gupta 2012). The another major component of government expenditure has been defense and security of the Australians. The government is making provision of $29.9 billion investment in defense through the approval of Defense White Paper in order to enhance and strengthen the capabilities of the sector (Rendahl 2016). In this fiscal, government provides enormous financial assistance as fund to the schools and hospitals for reformation as well as enhancing the quality and safety. This consolidates the long term funds for sustainable growth in these sectors too. The fiscal strategy adopted by Australian government follows the requirement of the Charter of Budget Honesty Act 1998 (Jord and Taylor 2016). Same as the previous fiscal years, the prime focus of the government is to achieve the surpl us in the budget over the course of economic cycle. Estimatation About Fiscal Policies: 2017-18 If we look at the current economic situation, the investment boom in the mining sector has gone underway. The current budget stands upon the announcements made by the government already regarding stimulating growth and create more jobs to deal with higher unemployment. The successful transition of the Australian economy is supported by the budget that brings forth such national plan. The major focus is on the tax cut to mainly businesses operating in the country in order to encourage more investments in the business (Bodie 2013). Making the export deals secured is also major focus since export is the source o exposure to new markets and opportunities. Investment in the national defense industry and defense infrastructure translates into economic growth through long run improvement in the productivity. The commitment of government is to invest in strong economy by making redirection in its investment that would boost productivity and growth. The action of government through fiscal str ategy is to handle the pressure of cost that is faced by business and household sector. Higher priorities are given on funding the main services provided by government on which mass of population depend. The government ensures the benefits are accessed and utilized by Australians mostly rural people. The budget of 2017-18 is a depiction of fairness and responsibility towards balance pathway of the economy. The cash balance of the economy is having an expectation to improve and increase from a deficit of $29.4 billion (1.6 per cent of GDP) in 2017 to a projected surplus of $7.4 billion (0.4 per cent of GDP) in 2020. This financial budget is a proper mechanism to demonstrate fiscal discipline of the government. The restraints on government expenditure and policy of budget repairing caused projected growth in the bottom line of $11.4 billion ranging over 2017-2021 as compared to 2016-17 budget. In relation to the negotiations made in Senate, new expenditure decisions are offset by reduction in the same (Arestis 2012). The expectation regarding net operation balance indicates an improvement from a deficit of $19.8 billion (1.1 per cent of GDP) in 2017-18 to reach a projected surplus of $7.6 billion (0.4 per cent of GDP) in 2019-20 and reach almost $17.5 billion (0.8 per cent of GDP) in 2020-21. The cash balance is forecasted to continue being in surplus reaching 0.5% of GDP in 2024-25 (Armingeon 2012.). The government has long borne strategy of achieving and sustaining the surplus budget is also carried out in this budget too in order to maintain the fiscal discipline (Afonso and Sousa 2012). Conso lidating the balance sheet of the government and redirection in spending and investment decisions are also the major factors that have been remained to be same for over past five years now that targets mostly to take the economy out of fiscal deficit and propel toward surplus one along with stimulating the growth in overall economy through the channel of productivity and workforce participation. Conclusion: From the above analysis, it is quite clear that the economy of Australia captures much of global attention. The country has been managing to sustain a stable economic growth over time. The Great Financial Crisis had worse impact on Australia even though the nation was not directly involved or linked to the poor performance of capital or failure of lending. However since the country is linked with US and other nations through channel of international trade, the post crisis global halt affected economic outcome of the nation leading to all in GDP growth rate and international trade volume contracted too. This recessionary impact of the country was counteracted by the expansionary monetary as well as fiscal policies adopted by the national government in order to boost the economic activity. This has led to huge debt burden on the country. The public debt ratio to GDP and the payment to GDP ratio has been greater over the years. This has led to stringent fiscal policies like increase in tax burden, reduction in government spending in order to take the nation out of the shackles of higher fiscal deficit and lead toward budget surplus. Such is evident almost every budget of the nation from 2013-2018. The continuous targeted focus of the government is evident in the fiscal policies that revolve around the same theme and that has allowed the country to move toward surplus achieving the targets. References: Afonso, A. and Sousa, R.M., 2012. The macroeconomic effects of fiscal policy.Applied Economics,44(34), pp.4439-4454. Arestis, P., 2012. Fiscal policy: a strong macroeconomic role.Review of Keynesian Economics. Armingeon, K., 2012. The politics of fiscal responses to the crisis of 20082009.Governance,25(4), pp.543-565. Bodie, Z., 2013.Investments. McGraw-Hill. Bova, E., Carcenac, N. and Guerguil, M., 2014. Fiscal rules and the procyclicality of fiscal policy in the developing world. Cspedes, L.F. and Velasco, A., 2014. Was this time different?: Fiscal policy in commodity republics.Journal of Development Economics,106, pp.92-106. Cimadomo, J., 2012. Fiscal policy in real time.The Scandinavian Journal of Economics,114(2), pp.440-465. Coady, D. and Gupta, M.S., 2012.Income inequality and fiscal policy. International Monetary Fund. DeLong, J.B. and Summers, L.H., 2012. Fiscal policy in a depressed economy.Brookings Papers on Economic Activity,2012(1), pp.233-297. Fazzari, S.M., Morley, J. and Panovska, I., 2015. State-dependent effects of fiscal policy Management.Studies in Nonlinear Dynamics Econometrics,19(3), pp.285-315. Fontana, G. and Setterfield, M. eds., 2016.Macroeconomic Theory and Macroeconomic Pedagogy. Springer. Jord, . and Taylor, A.M., 2016. The time for austerity: estimating the average treatment effect of fiscal policy.The Economic Journal,126(590), pp.219-255. Katsimi, M. and Sarantides, V., 2012. Do elections affect the composition of fiscal policy in developed, established democracies?.Public Choice,151(1), pp.325-362. Kopits, M.G., 2013.Rules-based fiscal policy in emerging markets. International Monetary Fund. Ljungqvist, L. and Sargent, T.J., 2012.Recursive macroeconomic theory. MIT press. Mankiw, N.G., 2014.Principles of macroeconomics. Cengage Learning. Rendahl, P., 2016. Fiscal policy in an unemployment crisis.The Review of Economic Studies,83(3), pp.1189-1224. Romer, C., 2012, April. Fiscal policy in the crisis: lessons and policy implications. InIMF Fiscal Forum, April(Vol. 18). Stiglitz, J.E., 2015. Reconstructing macroeconomic theory to manage economic policy. InFruitful Economics(pp. 20-56). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Storm, S. and Naastepad, C.W.M., 2012. Macroeconomics beyond the NAIRU.Economics Books. Teles, V.K. and Mussolini, C.C., 2014. Public debt and the limits of fiscal policy to increase economic growth.European Economic Review,66, pp.1-15.